Showing posts with label International Space Station. Show all posts
Showing posts with label International Space Station. Show all posts

Saturday, September 12, 2015

NASA to Use Colloidal Silver in Manned Space Flights (Again)

 Learn to make colloidal silver at www.TheSilverEdge.com
If there’s ever been a case of “the more things change, the more they stay the same,” it’s this one. 

Back in the 1960’s NASA quite literally invented the technology for keeping the astronaut’s drinking water safe and germ-free using ionic colloidal silver.  And NASA used the technology in early space flights for that purpose.    

NASA later switched from using a silver-based water purification system to using one based on iodine.  Meanwhile, the Russian Space Program has continued to use a silver-based water purification technology to this very day.

Now, according to an article on Bloomberg.com, NASA is getting ready to switch back to using a silver-based water purification technology.  It’s like déjà vu all over again, as the famous baseball player Yogi Berra once stated.

Here’s the story of how the U.S. space program has come back full circle to utilizing colloidal silver in space in order to disinfect the astronaut’s drinking water, and how you can take advantage of the very same kind of technology to make your own high-quality colloidal silver at home…

Hi, Steve Barwick here, for The Silver Edge

In 2000 I wrote an article titled Big Business Moves into Silver-Based Antimicrobial Products in a BIG Way

It later became the most widely re-reprinted article on the growing uses of antimicrobial silver in consumer goods ever written.

In that article I revealed that NASA had actually invented the technology for producing ionic silver and using it to disinfect the astronaut’s drinking water in space:

Even NASA used silver ions to maintain the water purity aboard the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. This technology was originally developed by NASA at the very beginning of manned space flights, back in the 1960s.

At that time, scientists from NASA and the Garrett Corporation Air Research Division began a joint project to develop a water purification system for the Apollo spacecraft. This unit had to be small, lightweight and consume as little power as possible.

They produced a purifier that was slightly larger than a pack of cigarettes and weighed only nine ounces. The device used electrolysis to dispense silver ions into the spacecraft's water supply, successfully killing off any bacteria.

If this device sounds familiar, it should. It can be considered the forerunner of the common low-voltage DC current colloidal silver generator in widespread use today by savvy consumers who want to produce their own high-quality colloidal silver quickly and inexpensively!

NASA's ingenuity at controlling microbial contamination in the Apollo spacecraft's water supply opened the doors for safer methods of controlling water pollutants here on Earth.

NASA held the patent on the device, but authorized a company in Cornelia, Georgia, called Carefree Clearwater, to manufacture this device for civilian use. This lead to the creation of a whole new industry based on the power of silver ions to eradicate microbial contaminants.

Since that time, numerous companies have developed their own version of NASA's silver ion generator.

Today, it is the world's #1 selling product for microbial control in swimming pools, hot water spas, decorative fountains, ponds, manufacturing processes, and evaporative water cooling towers.”

In April 2009 I wrote and published the article Silver: Nature's Purifier Used on the Space Shuttle and In Swimming Pools, in which I pointed out:

“After testing 23 methods of purifying water, NASA also chose silver as the purifying agent on the Space Shuttle Program.

Silver is being used in two functions that provide Shuttle crews with pure water for drinking, air conditioning, food preparation and other operations.

Water wastes are recycled in Shuttle flights and silver's first job is to treat hydrogen-saturated water coming from the Shuttle fuel cells: this water passes through a tubular device of palladium and silver alloy.

From the silver-palladium tubes the water flows to a purifying unit where silver eliminates bacteria, including Pseudomonas A and type III A bacteria, NASA scientists report.

By establishing 100 parts of silver in a billion parts of water as hygenic for drinking in the Shuttle, NASA eliminates the need for 1,000 to 1,500 parts per billion of chlorine generally used for purification.

The unit currently used provides Shuttle crews with 32 gallons of pure water daily for all uses within the Shuttle, as well as for backpacks when the astronauts work outside the vehicle in space.

Compared to earlier prototypes, the new unit weighs 90% less, needs only one-third the space. It also doubles the production of water and simplifies the process: it eliminates the need for mixing, metering and testing water while in flight and eliminates the risk of corrosion.”

Hate Mail

Shortly afterwards, I was barraged with emails from angry individuals claiming that silver has never been used on the Space Shuttle, or in any manned U.S. space missions, and that the water purification method of choice for U.S. manned space flights is iodine.

This, of course, was only partially true: 

The U.S. had indeed switched to the use of iodine for water purification inside the International Space Station, while the Russians – who control one-half of the space station – stood firm with the original silver-based technology to keep the water their cosmonauts drink fresh, pure and germ-free.

So silver was (and is) still being used in space missions, but by the Russians and not the Americans. 

When the barrage of hate emails claiming that silver had never been used by Americans in space finally began to ebb, I posted a document I found on the NASA.gov website, demonstrating that colloidal silver had indeed been used in space flights by the U.S. since the mid-1960’s, and that NASA had invented the technology.

I also wrote and published the articleHave NASA or the Russian Space Program Ever Used Colloidal Silver as a Water Disinfectant on Manned Space Flights?”, in which I pointed out that way back in 1976 when the Space Shuttle first began missions with astronauts on board, silver was used to disinfect the onboard water. 

Indeed, I uncovered a 1976 press release from The Silver Institute which stated, “Silver will be used in two functions that will provide Shuttle crews with pure water for drinking, air conditioning, food preparation and other operations.”

And going back even further, I revealed a May 1973 press release from The Silver Institute explaining that the Russians, too, were using silver-based water purification systems in space:

Russian scientists working on water recycling and purification problems for the Soviet space ship and orbiting station program have decided on silver as the best long-term sanitizing agent. 

Researching the problems of water storage over periods of several months, as well as purification for immediate use, they determined that ionized silver provides the safest and longest lasting method of transforming polluted waste in potable water.

A significant fact in support of their decision to use silver for purification was their experimental confirmation of the absence of toxicity in the silver treated water.

In lengthy experiments on animals they found that 100 parts and 200 parts of silver per billion in drinking water does not accumulate in the organism and does not produce any detrimental effect on the functioning of the organs or systems of the experimental animals.

This was also confirmed by year long experiments on volunteer human subjects.
The scientists, Drs. S. V. Chizhov, S. P. Pak, N. N. Sitnikova and Y.U. Koloskova tried many methods of purifying regenerated water but all except the silver system proved unsatisfactory over the long run.

In sum, the Russians found silver to be the safest sterilizing agent, stable, and long-lasting.” 

Déjà vu All Over Again

Now, according to an August 25, 2015 article on Bloomberg.com, antimicrobial silver is apparently making a come-back in the American space program. 

Bloomberg states:

The space station carries roughly 2,000 liters of water in reserve for emergencies, split about evenly between the U.S. and the Russian sections of the International Space Station.

The two sides operate separate water systems mainly because of decades-old decisions on how best to disinfect water…

…the U.S. relies on iodine and the Russians relying on a different go-to:  silver, which in its ionic form is a powerful antimicrobial agent…

…NASA has decided to switch to silver-ionized water on future missions..."

So there you have it.  We’ve come back full circle.  According to Bloomberg, future NASA space missions will utilize antimicrobial silver for water disinfection purposes. 

So once again, when people ask you why you love colloidal silver so much, you can say:

“Because it’s used on the Space Station to help keep the astronaut’s drinking water free from bacterial contamination…and the U.S. space program as well as the Russian space program has determined that it’s perfectly safe to ingest long-term at the levels needed to kill the germs in drinking water.”

Make Your Own Colloidal Silver
Like the Astronauts Do!

 Learn to make colloidal silver at www.TheSilverEdge.com
As you likely know, colloidal silver can be very expensive – as much as $20 to $30 for a tiny four-ounce bottle at most health food stores.  

That’s because it works so well against infections, people are willing to pay through the nose for it. 

But the good news is this:  

It’s surprisingly easy to make your own high-quality colloidal silver for less than 36 cents a quart – yes, that’s just a smidgeon over a penny per ounce -- utilizing the very same technology that’s been used by both Russian and American space programs since the late 1960’s.

Only now, the latest technology – the new Micro-Particle Colloidal Silver Generator from The Silver Edge -- is much more advanced, being able to produce tiny silver micro-particles as small as .8 nm – a fraction of a single nanometer in size! 

(See Transmission Electron Microscope images comparing conventional colloidal silver particles to the new micro-particle colloidal silver produced by the Micro-Particle Colloidal Silver Generator from The Silver Edge.)

Even the FDA agrees that the smaller the silver particles are, the easier it is for the body to absorb them, utilize them and afterwards excrete them safely. 

(See here for excerpts from the FDA National Center for Toxicological Research Annual Report in which it was clearly demonstrated that smaller silver particles are far more bioavailable than larger silver particles.)

If you’re a do-it-yourselfer, like me, you can learn here how astonishingly inexpensive it is to make your own high-quality colloidal silver (i.e., about a penny per ounce) with a Micro-Particle Colloidal Silver Generator from The Silver Edge.

This means there’s no longer any need to pay $20 or $30 for a tiny, four-ounce bottle of colloidal silver in health food stores, when you can make it yourself by the quart for under 36 cents

If you think it must be difficult to make your own colloidal silver, at this link you’ll discover how incredibly simple it really is – so simple we have 85 year old grandmas making their own colloidal silver every day!  

Indeed, with a device that’s as simple to operate as a coffee pot (see above photo of the new Micro-Particle Colloidal Silver Generator from The Silver Edge, or click here), just about anyone can make their own high-quality colloidal silver for just a few pennies per quart!
  • Learn more about the Micro-Particle Colloidal Silver Generator from The Silver Edge, here.
  • Discover how astonishingly easy it is to make your own colloidal silver, here.
  • See why the new Micro-Particle Colloidal Silver Generator from The Silver Edge is the world’s #1 best-selling colloidal silver generator, here
  • Save $100 on a brand new Micro-Particle Colloidal Silver Generator, here. 
Meanwhile, I’ll be back next week with another great article on colloidal silver….

Yours for the safe, sane and responsible use of colloidal silver,


Helpful Links:
                                                                                                                                                 
Important Note and Disclaimer:  The contents of this Ezine have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.  Information conveyed herein is from sources deemed to be accurate and reliable, but no guarantee can be made in regards to the accuracy and reliability thereof.  The author, Steve Barwick, is a natural health journalist with over 30 years of experience writing professionally about natural health topics.  He is not a doctor.  Therefore, nothing stated in this Ezine should be construed as prescriptive in nature, nor is any part of this Ezine meant to be considered a substitute for professional medical advice.  Nothing reported herein is intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.  The author is simply reporting in journalistic fashion what he has learned during the past 17 years of journalistic research into colloidal silver and its usage.  Therefore, the information and data presented should be considered for informational purposes only, and approached with caution.  Readers should verify for themselves, and to their own satisfaction, from other knowledgeable sources such as their doctor, the accuracy and reliability of all reports, ideas, conclusions, comments and opinions stated herein.  All important health care decisions should be made under the guidance and direction of a legitimate, knowledgeable and experienced health care professional.  Readers are solely responsible for their choices.  The author and publisher disclaim responsibility and/or liability for any loss or hardship that may be incurred as a result of the use or application of any information included in this Ezine. 

Copyright 2015 | Life & Health Research Group, LLC | PO Box 1239 | Peoria AZ 85380-1239 | All rights reserved.












Friday, March 19, 2010

Have NASA or the Russian Space Program Ever Used Colloidal Silver as a Water Disinfectant on Manned Space Flights?


A reader wrote and asked for documentation that the Russians use colloidal silver for water purification purposes on their manned space flights.

He stated:

“I keep coming across mention that the Russians used CS in their space craft as part of water purification. I'm trying to find any supporting documentation for this. Thanks, David”

Silver has not only been used by the Russian space program, but has also been used by NASA on manned space flights.

My original article on the topic of silver being used as a water disinfectant by both NASA and by the Soviets in their manned space programs is posted at this link:

The article is admittedly light on documentation, so here’s my more in-depth answer to the reader:

The NASA.gov Web Site Documents the Fact that NASA
Developed a Silver-Based Water Purification for Use in the Space Program

Here's an excerpt from an article I just found on the NASA.gov web site, discussing in-depth the silver-based water purification technology they developed for manned space flights. 


I think you’ll find it quite interesting. Based on this article, it looks like NASA has put quite a lot of effort into developing a silver-based water purification system:

“Over the past two decades, NASA and its contractors have conducted extensive research on how to assure pure water for manned spacecraft crews and how to recycle wastewater for reuse on future long duration spacecraft.

This work has given rise to a large number of spinoff products and products for cleansing and detoxifying water and in some cases inspired the formation of new companies to commercialize the technology.

Among the latter is Sensible Technologies, Inc. (STI), Irmo, South Carolina, a company formed in 1989 to exploit a particular NASA developed water purification technology known as silver ionization.

In this method, developed in the mid-1960s by Johnson Space Center, a small lightweight generator dispensed silver ions in the potable water supply of the Apollo spacecraft to kill bacteria in the water.

…because of the NASA technology we employ, our systems destroy waterborne bacteria and viruses, including Legionella pneumophila, the bacterium responsible for Legionnaire's Disease.”

Isn't that awesome? What it basically means is that NASA engineers actually invented the very first colloidal silver generator, for use in the Apollo space program!

Older News Reports…

In the course of my research on this subject, I’ve repeatedly seen references to an old mid-1970's news article titled, "Winged-Ferry to Shuttle Between Earth and Space,” supposedly published in the authorative The Silver Institute Letter back in March 1976. This article is also supposed to contain references to the use of silver-based water purification technology in NASA craft.

I searched today and found a copy of this old article on the Doulton Water Filter site. As you’ll see from this excerpt, it’s quite an interesting article:

Silver will be used in two functions that will provide Shuttle crews with pure water for drinking, air conditioning, food preparation and other operations. Water wastes will be recycled in Shuttle flight, and silver's first job will be to treat hydrogen-saturated water coming from Shuttle fuel cells; this water will pass through a tubular device of palladium and silver alloy; tube wails will be 10 mils (0.25 ram. or 0.01 in.) thick. Under pressure of 60 psi at a flow rate of 7 liters/hour, 85% of the hydrogen will diffuse out through the palladium-silver tube walls and be vented in the space vacuum outside the tubes. The device is made by Life Systems, Inc., 24755 High Point Rd. Cleveland, Ohio 44122.

From the silver-palladium tubes, water will flow to a purifying unit where silver will perform its second task. Less than an ounce of silver bromide in a cylinder less than 20 cm. (8 in.) long will eliminate bacteria, including Pseudomonas A and Type IIIA bacteria in 15 minutes or more, NASA scientists report. By establishing 100 parts of silver in a billion parts of water as hygienic for drinking in the Shuttle, NASA eliminates the need for the 1,000 to 1.500 ppb of chlorine generally used for purification. This compact, efficient water purifier is the Advance Prototype Silver Ion Water Bactericide System, made by Chemtric Inc., 9330 West Willams St., Rosemont, Illinois 60018.

Here's a excerpt from a copy of an earlier 1973 article, originally published in The Silver Institute Letter, on the use of silver for water purification purposes in Soviet space craft:

“Russian scientists working on water recycling and purification problems for the Soviet space ship and orbiting station program have decided on silver as the best long-term sanitizing agent.

Researching the problems of water storage over periods of several months, as well as purification for immediate use, they determined that ionized silver provides the safest and longest lasting method of transforming polluted waste in potable water.

A significant fact in support of their decision to use silver for purification was their experimental confirmation of the absence of toxicity in the silver treated water. In lengthy experiments on animals they found that 100 parts and 200 parts of silver per billion in drinking water does not accumulate in the organism and does not produce any detrimental effect on the functioning of the organs or systems of the experimental animals.


This was also confirmed by year long experiments on volunteer human subjects. The concentration of silver used in these tests…100 parts and 200 parts per billion…is in striking comparison with the 10 to 50 parts per billion of silver found in potable water and in swimming pools treated by silver purification systems in the United States.

The scientists, Drs.. S. V. Chizhov. S. P. Pak, N. N. Sitnikova and Y.U. Koloskova. tried many methods of purifying regenerated water but all except the silver system proved unsatisfactory over the long run. Ultra-violet rays and ultra-high-frequency sound reduced micro-organisms by as much as 97% but water thus treated failed to meet standards of acceptability if the water were stored for any considerable period of time.

Chlorine, which is widely used to kill bacteria, requires dosages in thousands of parts per billion compared to the 100 ppb and 200 ppb used in the Russian tests; the chlorine itself is a pollutant for certain water uses and it often is dangerous to store or handle.

In sum, the Russians found silver to be the safest sterilizing agent, stable,and long-lasting.”

More Documentation…

On page 117 of the book Methods for Developing Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines, by the National Acadamies Press, you'll find this reference, which very briefly documents that fact that "biocidal silver" is used in the Russian MIR spacecraft as well as on the International Space Station:

"METHODS FOR DEVELOPING SPACECRAFT WATER EXPOSURE GUIDELINES FIGURE A-1 The Mir humidity condensate water-reclamation system, which is planned for the early phases of the International Space Station. On the ISS, this system will be located in the service module of the Russian segment. Source: Modified from Pierre et al. (1996). stream of the multifiltration bed is used to determine whether the water is of acceptable quality Biocidal silver (0.05-0.20 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) also is added here for microbial control. Conditioned water is heated (pasteurized) to 85°C by a heat pump (regenerative heat exchanger) and stored in a heated accumulator. Hot water is available to the crew directly from the accumulator; cold water is provided by rerouting the hot water through the regenerative heat exchanger (Samsonov 1996a)."

[Use the "Search This Book" function to find the four citations in the above book, regarding the use of silver on the MIR and International Space Stations.]

Even More Documentation…

Here's an article from the respected PhysOrg.com, discussing the silver-based and iodine-based water purification systems now being used on the International Space Station, as well as in U.S. and Russian manned spacecrafts.

http://www.physorg.com/news172133019.html

Basically, it says that on the International Space Station the Russians still use a silver-based water purification system, while Americans now use an iodine-based water purification system. And scientists have developed a new piece of technology the astronauts and cosmonauts can use to check their water supply to make sure they contain adequate amounts of silver or iodine.

And More…

What’s more, in an online document by Duane L. Pierson, of the NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston TX, as published in Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin [14(2) June 2001], the author states in regards to potable drinking water on the International Space Station:

"Silver, at approximately 500 ppb, is used as the residual disinfectant in Russian water supplies whereas US water supplies use 2 to 4 ppm iodine for water disinfection."

Apparently, the Russians still use silver because they’re worried about excessive levels of iodine in the water causing thyroid problems for their cosmonauts. But the U.S. apparently switched over to using iodine, because of reports of people turning “blue” from drinking colloidal silver.

We haven’t seen any blue cosmonauts in the news lately, so maybe the NASA fears are a bit overblown.

The Evidence is Clear

The bottom line is that, yes, both the NASA and Russian space missions have developed and used silver-based water purification systems in order to keep drinking water from becoming bacterially contaminated on those long manned space flights.

Helpful Links: